To get troops to defend your precious village, you first need to create or join a clan, and then request troops, i.e. ask that other members in your clan donate troops to your Clan Castle. You can then use those donated troops for your own attack, or they will automatically deploy in case your village gets raided an enemy units enter the Clan Castle "trigger zone".
It is not possible for players to use their own troops in the Army Camps for defense. Their minds are focused entirely on attacking.